World’s First Biodegradable Transparent Packaging Paper Developed in Japan

Japanese researchers have created the world’s first transparent packaging paper that is thick enough for drink containers and fully biodegradable—making it safe for marine environments. This plant-based paper allows consumers to clearly see the beverage inside and can be molded into cups, straws, and boxes. It remains strong even in humid conditions.

The innovation was led by a team including JAMSTEC (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology). Chief scientist Noriyuki Isobe, inspired by the growing issue of deep-sea plastic waste, initiated the project after witnessing plastic debris at depths over 1,000 meters.

One technical breakthrough was achieving transparency. Traditional paper scatters light due to its fiber structure. Isobe used a lithium bromide solution to dissolve and reshape cellulose fibers, creating a dense, clear paper up to 0.7mm thick—something previously thought impossible.

To confirm biodegradability, samples were placed at ocean depths of 757m and 5,552m using submersibles. Within four months, some cups completely decomposed.

However, commercialization remains a challenge due to high production costs. The team is working on cost-effective methods and seeking manufacturing partners to scale production while minimizing energy use.